Which type of attack involves intercepting communication between two parties?

The scenario described in the question highlights a type of attack where communication between two parties is intercepted, which is precisely what a Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attack entails. In this attack, the adversary secretly relays and possibly alters the communication between the two parties who believe they are directly communicating with each other. This can lead to eavesdropping, data theft, and impersonation.

MitM attacks can occur in various contexts, including unsecured Wi-Fi networks or through compromised routers, where the attacker can participate in the communication without the knowledge of the legitimate parties. This type of vulnerability emphasizes the importance of implementing strong encryption methods and secure communication protocols to safeguard data in transit.

The other options represent different forms of cyber attacks: Phishing involves tricking individuals into providing sensitive information typically through deceptive emails or messages; Denial of Service (DoS) is focused on overwhelming a target system to disrupt service; and SQL Injection targets databases by injecting malicious SQL statements that can manipulate or access sensitive data. Each of these attacks has distinct characteristics and methods, but they do not specifically deal with intercepting communication like the Man-in-the-Middle attack does.