Which concept controls access based on rules defined by security policies?

Mandatory Access Control (MAC) is a security model that restricts the ability of users to access or manipulate objects based on predetermined policies established by a central authority. In MAC, access rights are assigned based on the classifications of both the subjects (users or processes) and the objects (files, resources) involved. This means that the allocation of access is not based on the individual user’s choice or discretion, but rather on strict rules set by security policies which are typically dictated by organizational requirements or regulatory compliance.

The implementation of MAC ensures a higher level of security, as it prevents users from granting permissions to others or changing their security settings without proper authorization. Access decisions are made by the operating system or a security kernel that monitors and enforces the policies. This is particularly useful in environments where data sensitivity is paramount, such as military or governmental applications, where high assurance of data confidentiality and integrity is necessary.

In contrast, other access control models such as Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), Time-Based Access Control, and Discretionary Access Control (DAC) have different mechanisms and philosophies regarding how access rights are determined and enforced. While RBAC is centered around user roles, DAC allows users more discretion in managing their own resources. Time-Based Access Control sets