What does encryption achieve in data security?

Encryption is a fundamental component of data security that transforms readable data (plaintext) into an unreadable format (ciphertext) using a specific algorithm and encryption key. This process ensures that even if unauthorized users gain access to the encrypted data, they cannot interpret or utilize it without the corresponding decryption key. By making data unreadable, encryption protects sensitive information from breaches and unauthorized access, thereby enhancing the confidentiality and integrity of that data.

While there are many other important data storage and management practices, options like reducing data size, generating backups, or consolidating formats do not pertain to the protective mechanism that encryption provides. These alternative processes serve distinct functions unrelated to the core purpose of encryption, which is primarily aimed at securing the data from unauthorized access.