In the context of information security, what does 'confidentiality' refer to?

Confidentiality in information security primarily refers to the assurance that sensitive information is accessible only to those authorized to have access. This involves implementing measures and controls to prevent unauthorized individuals from obtaining or disclosing confidential data. It is a fundamental principle of information security, ensuring that personal, financial, or proprietary information is kept secret and is only available to authorized personnel.

For instance, encryption, access controls, and strict user authentication processes are common methods used to maintain confidentiality. When information is classified or labeled as confidential, it dictates how that information should be handled throughout its lifecycle to prevent breaches or unauthorized disclosures.

While the other options touch upon important aspects of information security, they do not correctly define confidentiality. The accuracy and consistency of data pertain to integrity, the ability to access information relates to availability, and the practice of keeping backups aligns with data recovery and availability strategies rather than confidentiality.